Binciken fasahar sarrafa filastik - a kan ka'idodin inji na ficewa mold

Tsarin inzini

Hanyar asali na Ercrusion mai sauki ne - dunƙule juya a cikin ganga kuma yana tura filastik gaba. Dabbar hakika bevel ne ko gangara wacce ke nannade a kusa da tsakiyar Layer. Manufarta ita ce kara matsi don shawo kan babban juriya. Game da batun wani yanki, akwai nau'ikan juriya guda uku da ke buƙatar shawo kansu: Rage ƙwayoyin cuta (ciyar) a kan bango kafin jujjuyawar dunƙule (feeding) ); M a bango na ganga; Juriya na ciki na narkar da narkewa kamar yadda ake tura shi.

Idan abu bai motsa ba a cikin hanyar da aka bayar, ƙarfin akan abin an daidaita shi ta wannan hanyar. Dabbar baya motsawa a cikin shugabanci na axial, kodayake yana iya jujjuya a hankali kusa da kewayen. Saboda haka, ƙarfin axial akan dunƙule an daidaita shi, kuma idan yana amfani da babban ci gaba ya toshe filastik na narke, shi ma yana amfani da wani abu na baya ya toshe abu. Anan, da bagaden amfani da shi ne mai ɗaukar aiki a kan macijin da ke bayan tashar abincin.

Yawancin skurs guda ɗaya sune zaren hannun dama, kamar sukurori da ƙwallon ƙafa da aka yi amfani da su a cikin katako da kayan aiki. Idan sun duba daga baya, suna juyawa a cikin kishiyar hanya saboda suna ƙoƙarin zubar da ganga har zuwa lokacin da zai yiwu. A cikin wasu wuraren shakatawa na tagwaye, jadawalin biyu suna jujjuya juna a cikin silinda biyu kuma suna ƙetare juna, don haka dole ne ya zama hannun dama. A wasu nau'ikan tagwayen biyu, juzu'i biyu suna juyawa a cikin wannan hanyar kuma dole ne su da wannan jigon. Koyaya, a cikin kowane yanayi, akwai mai da ido wanda ya sha ƙarfin baya, kuma baƙon Newton yana amfani da shi.

2. Ka'idodin Hoto

Rufin murabus sune thermofoplastics - suna narke lokacin da mai zafi da ƙarfafa kuma a kan sanyaya. A ina ne zafi na filastik na molten ya fito? Ciyar da ruwa da ganga na iya aiki kuma suna da mahimmanci a farawa, duk da haka, zafin motar da aka samo a cikin ganga lokacin kunna dunƙule - shine mafi yawan dunƙule - shine mafi yawan Mahimmanci mai tsananin zafi don robobi, ban da ƙananan tsarin, low low square, babban narkewar ruwa na zazzabi da aikace-aikacen zane.

Ga sauran sauran ayyukan, yana da mahimmanci a gane cewa hancin jirgin ƙasa ba shine asalin hasken wuta ba, sabili da haka yana kan tasirin ƙasa ƙasa (duba ƙa'idodi 11). Aikin silima na silima yana iya zama mai mahimmanci saboda yana shafar ragin jigilar daskararru a cikin hakora ko a cikin abinci. Yancinsu da mold yanayin zafi ya kamata gaba ɗaya yawan zafin jiki na da ake so ko kusa da wannan zafin jiki idan ana amfani da su don takamaiman manufa kamar glazing, da kuma sarrafa ruwa ko kuma sarrafa ruwa.

3. Tsarin Makamashi

A mafi yawan masu rushewa, Canjin da aka samu ana samun canji ta hanyar daidaita saurin motar. Mota yawanci tana juyawa ne a cikakkiyar sauri na kimanin 1750 rpm, amma wannan ya yi sauri sosai don dunƙulewar wuta. Idan ana juya shi a irin wannan saurin sauri, zafi da yawa zafi da yawa ana haifar da lokacin lokacin filastik ya yi gajere don shirya uniform, narke. Rayayyun Ratios na yau da kullun daga 10: 1 zuwa 20: 1. Mataki na farko na iya zama ko dai kaya ko ja, amma mataki na biyu yana amfani da gears da dunƙule an sanya dunƙule a tsakiyar manyan manyan kayan.

A wasu matattarar masu gudu (kamar tagwayen tagwaye don UPVV), akwai matakai 3 da matsakaicin saurin (har zuwa 60: 1 rabo). A ɗayan matsanancin, wasu dogon tagwayen tagwuna don tashin hankali na iya gudu a 600 rpm ko sauri, don haka yana buƙatar ƙarancin ɓarna da mai zurfi.

Wani lokaci farashin da ya lalace yana raguwa tare da aikin - za a sami ƙarfi sosai don amfani - kuma yana yiwuwa a ƙara maɓallin Pulley tsakanin motar. Wannan ko dai yana ƙara saurin dunƙule sama da iyakar da ya gabata ko rage girman saurin don ba da izinin tsarin yin aiki a cikin mafi yawan sauri. Wannan zai kara da makamashi mai samarwa, rage abperage kuma kaurace matsalolin motoci. A cikin duka halaye, fitarwa na iya ƙaruwa dangane da kayan da buƙatun sa sanyaya.

4. Ciyarwa azaman sanyaya

Fitowa Canja wurin ƙarfin motar, wani lokacin mai hita, zuwa filastik na sanyi, yana canza shi daga m don narke. Feedin ɗin shigar yana da sanyi fiye da ganga kuma dunƙule yanayin yanayin sararin cikin abinci. Koyaya, farfajiya na ganga a cikin feshin abinci kusan yana gab da saman kewayon filastik. An sanyaya ta hanyar hulɗa tare da barbashi na ciyarwa, amma zafi yana riƙe da zafin rana canjawa zuwa baya zuwa ƙarshen ƙarshen ƙasa da sarrafawa. Ko da bayan an gudanar da zafin rana ta yanzu kuma ana buƙatar shigarwar ƙwayar sanyi, injin ɗin da aka yi amfani da shi. Mafi mahimmancin tanda shine cocoarfin katako, wanda kusan kusan shi ne na HDPE.

Hakanan ana sanyaya tushen dunƙule ta hanyar abinci kuma an sanya shi daga jikin bangon da filayen filastik (da kuma iska tsakanin barbashi). Idan dunƙule ba zato ba tsammani ya tsaya, Ciyar ya kuma tsaya, kuma yayin da zafi ya koma baya daga gaban filin gaba ƙare. Wannan na iya haifar da adhesion ko birki da barbashi a cikin tushen.

5. A cikin yankin ciyarwa, tsaya wa silinda kuma slide a kan dunƙule

Domin kara yawan adadin daskararru a cikin yanki mai santsi na ganga mai laushi, barbashi ya kamata tsaya a kan dunƙule. Idan barbashi sandar da tushen dunƙule, babu abin da yake jan su; Rage nassi da adadin daskararru an rage. Wani dalilin wani dalilin rashin tabbaci ga tushen shine filayen filastik, suna haifar da gel da gurbata da canje-canje a cikin sauri.

Yawancin faranti siliɗa a zahiri a tushen saboda suna da sanyi lokacin da suka shiga, kuma gogayya ba ta yi zafi da tushen zafi kamar bangon. Wasu kayan sun fi dacewa su m fiye da wasu: A cikin filastik PVC, masu siyar da dabbobi, da wasu kayan kwalliyar polyolefin tare da kayan adon da ake buƙata don karewa.

Don ganga, ya wajaba ga filastik don zuwa ga anan don haka an goge shi kuma an tura shi da zaren dunƙule. Ya kamata ya zama babban abin ƙima a tsakanin granules da ganga, da kuma ingantaccen tashin hankali shine ya yi tasiri sosai da yawan zafin rana. Idan barbashi ba sa sanda, kawai suna juyawa a wurin ba tare da ci gaba ba - wanda shine dalilin da yasa m ciyarwa ba kyau.

Jigilar ƙasa ba shine kawai babban abin da ya shafi ciyar ba. Yawancin barbashi ba su taɓa ganga ko tushen dunƙule ba, don haka dole ne a sami gogayya da kuma haɗin haɗi na inji da danko da danko a cikin barbashi.

Sirrin silima shine yanayin musamman. Tushen yana cikin yankin CODD da kuma yankin feed ɗin yana daɗaɗɗa daga ragowar ganga kuma yana da ruwa sosai. Zaren yana tura barbashi a cikin tsagi kuma yana haifar da matsin lamba sosai akan ɗan gajeren nesa. Wannan yana ƙaruwa da haƙuri na ɗan ƙaramin abu iri ɗaya a cikin fito ɗaya, saboda yawan zafin rana ya rage da zazzabi. Wannan na iya nufin samarwa da sauri a cikin fim mai sanyaya-sanyi mai haske. Tank musamman ya dace da HDPE, wanda shine mafi girman filastik na yau da kullun sai don robobi masu ƙarfi.

6. Abubuwa mafi tsada

A wasu halaye, farashin kayan duniya na iya lissafin kashi 80% na samar da abubuwa fiye da sauran abubuwan - sai dai samfuran da suke da mahimmanci musamman a cikin inganci da shirya abubuwa musamman, kamar capters. Wannan ƙa'idar ta halarci zuwa ƙarshe biyu: Masu sarrafawa ya kamata su sake yin hakora da scrap gwargwadon yadda zai yiwu don guje wa karkatawa daga lokacin da aka kwashe su.

7. Kudaden makamashi ba su da mahimmanci

Kodayake kyawawan matsaloli da na gaske masana'antu suna daidai da matakin da ke tasowa farashin kuzari, da makamashi da ake buƙata don samun ƙaramin yanki na jimlar samar da jimlar samarwa. Wannan shine koyaushe lamarin saboda farashin kayan suna da girma sosai kuma mai wulakanci shine ingantaccen tsarin. Idan an gabatar da makamashi mai yawa, filastik zai yi zafi sosai cewa ba za a iya sarrafa shi da kyau ba.

8. matsin lamba a ƙarshen dunƙule yana da mahimmanci

Wannan matsin lamba yana nuna juriya duk abubuwan da ke ƙasa ƙasa da dunƙule: allo tace da kuma bututun mai canzawa, da ƙayyadadden ɗumi (idan akwai), da ƙayyadadden da kanta. Ya dogara da ba kawai a kan layoyin waɗannan abubuwan ba amma kuma a kan zazzabi a cikin tsarin, wanda bi da bi ke shafar rijiyar danko da fitarwa. Ba ya dogara da zanen dunƙule, sai dai lokacin da yake shafar yawan zafin jiki, danko da fitarwa. Don dalilai na aminci, yanayin zafi yana da mahimmanci - idan ya yi yawa, ya mutu da mold na iya fashewa da cutar da kai kusa da mutane.

Matsin lamba yana da fa'ida don tashin hankali, musamman a cikin yankin ƙarshe na tsarin dunƙule na tsari (yanki na mita). Koyaya, matsin lamba kuma yana nufin cewa motar tana da fitarwa ƙarin makamashi - kuma don haka narke zazzabi ya fi girma - wanda zai iya bayyana iyakar matsin lamba. A cikin tagwaye na tagwaye, sa hannu na skru biyu tare da juna shine mai rashin ƙarfi gajiya, don haka babu matsin lamba ga wannan dalilin.

A cikin kera m sassan, kamar shambura sanya daga m molds amfani da baka, dole ne a samar da babban matsa lamba a cikin adadin kogunan daban. In ba haka ba, samfurin tare da layin Weld na iya zama mai rauni da matsaloli na iya faruwa yayin amfani.

9. Fitar = gudun hijira

Za a kira 'yan gudun hijira na ƙarshe ana kiranta tabbataccen guduro kuma ya dogara ne kawai a kan layoyin dunƙule, saurin dunƙule da narke. An tsara shi ta hanyar matsin lamba kuma a zahiri ya haɗa da tasirin ja wanda yake rage fitarwa (wanda aka nuna ta hanyar tasirin matsin lamba) da kuma duk wani sakamako mai zurfi a cikin abincin da ke ƙaruwa da fitarwa. Laifa a zaren na iya zama a cikin ɗayan hanyoyi biyu.

Hakanan yana da amfani a lissafa fitarwa a kowace rpm (juyawa) kamar wannan yana wakiltar kowane yanki a cikin ikon yin famfo a lokacin. Wani lissafin da ya shafi shine fitarwa a kowace dawakai ko kilowatt amfani. Wannan yana wakiltar inganci kuma yana iya ƙididdigar ikon samar da motar da aka bayar.

10. Advate kudi yana taka rawa sosai a danko

Al'adun da aka gama gari suna yin tarin kadarori, ma'ana cewa vancharuity ya zama ƙasa kamar yadda filastik ya motsa sauri da sauri. Wannan tasirin wasu robobi suna da m. Misali, wasu pvcs suna ƙaruwa da farashin kwarara ta hanyar 10 ko fiye lokacin da aka ninka motar. A akasin wannan, lldpe karfi ba shi da yawa sosai, kuma ƙimar kwararar ta ƙaru da 3 zuwa sau 4 lokacin da aka ninka dalilin. Rage sakamako na ragewar Shear yana nufin babban danko a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai gudana, wanda a cikin bi ke nufin ƙarin ƙarfin motoci. Wannan na iya bayyana dalilin da yasa LLDPE ke aiki a zazzabi mafi girma fiye da LDEPE. An bayyana adadin kwararar a cikin ƙimar karfi, kusan 100 S-1 a cikin dunƙule na dunƙule, tsakanin 100 da 100 s-1 a cikin rata a cikin zaren da bango da wasu ƙananan mutu gibs. Narkemaƙƙarfan abu ne wanda aka saba amfani dashi na danko amma an juya shi (misali gudana / dandaƙar da ƙasa sama da macijin / kwarara). Abin takaici, ma'aunin ba shine ma'aunin gaskiya ba a cikin wani yanki mai ƙarfi tare da ƙimar karfi na 10 s-1 ko ƙasa da ƙarancin narkewar ruwa mai sauri.

11. Motocin akasin silinda ne, da satar siliki akasin motar ne.

Me yasa tasirin sarrafawa na silinda ba koyaushe iri ɗaya ne kamar yadda ake tsammani, musamman a cikin yankin aunawa? Idan silinda yana mai zafi, silinda